Oktobha 18, 2022 7:49 AM
STAFFORD, VIRGINIA —
Ngubani othe akukho nto intsha phantsi kwelanga?
Enye yezinto ezintsha ezishushu zokuvelisa umbane ongangcolisiyo yi-photovoltaics edadayo, okanye i-FPV, ebandakanya iiphaneli zelanga ezizinzisayo kwimizimba yamanzi, ngakumbi amachibi, amadama kunye neelwandle.Ezinye iiprojekthi zaseAsia zibandakanya amawaka eepaneli zokuvelisa amakhulu eemegawathi.
I-FPV yaqala e-Asia naseYurophu apho yenza ingqiqo eninzi yezoqoqosho nomhlaba ovulekileyo oxatyiswe kakhulu kwezolimo.
Iisistim zokuqala ezithobekileyo zafakwa eJapan nakwindawo yewayini yaseCalifornia ngo-2007 nango-2008.
Kumhlaba, iiprojekthi ezinemegawathi enye zifuna phakathi kwehektare enye ne-1.6.
Iiprojekthi zelanga ezidadayo zinomtsalane ngakumbi xa zinokwakhiwa kumanzi asecaleni kwemizi-mveliso yombane oveliswa ngamanzi aneentambo zothumelo ezikhoyo.
Uninzi lwezona projekthi zikhulu ziseTshayina naseIndiya.Kukwakho neendawo ezinkulu eBrazil, ePortugal naseSingapore.
Isiphakamiso se-gigawatt ye-2.1 yefama ejikelezayo kwi-flat ejikelezayo kunxweme loLwandle oluMthubi eMzantsi Korea, eya kuba neemodyuli zelanga ezizigidi ezihlanu kwindawo egubungela i-30 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha ezinexabiso le-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ijongene nekamva elingaqinisekanga nge urhulumente omtsha eSeoul.Umongameli uYoon Suk-yeol ubonakalise ukuba ukhetha ukonyusa inyukliya kumandla elanga.
Ezinye iiprojekthi ze-gigawatt-scale ziphuma kwibhodi yokuzoba e-Indiya naseLaos, kunye noLwandle lwaseNyakatho, kude nonxweme lwaseDatshi.
Ubuchwephesha bukwavuyise abacwangcisi kwi-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara enelona zinga liphantsi lokufikelela kombane kwihlabathi kunye nobuninzi bokukhanya kwelanga.
Kumazwe axhomekeke kumbane omninzi owenziwe ngamanzi, “kukho iinkxalabo malunga nokuba ukuveliswa kombane kujongeka njani ngexesha lembalela, umzekelo, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, silindele ukuba siza kubona iziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu.Xa sicinga ngembalela, kukho ithuba lokuba sibe ne-FPV njengolunye ukhetho lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kwisixhobo sakho,” ucacise watsho uSika Gadzanku, umphandi kwiSebe le-US leSizwe laMandla aVuseleleka kwiLebhu yaseColorado."Ke endaweni yokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-hydro, ngoku ungasebenzisa i-FPV eninzi kwaye unciphise ukuxhomekeka kwakho kwi-hydro, ngamaxesha onyaka omileyo, ukusebenzisa i-photovoltaics yakho yelanga edadayo."
Ipesenteji enye yeereservoirs zombane wamanzi ezineepaneli zelanga ezidadayo zinokunika ukonyuka kwama-50 epesenti yemveliso yonyaka yezityalo zombane ezikhoyo eAfrika, ngokutshouphononongo oluxhaswa ngemali yiKhomishini yaseYurophu.
FILE-Iiphaneli zelanga zifakwe kwisityalo esidadayo se-photovoltaic kwichibi eliseHaltern, eJamani, nge-1 ka-Epreli 2022.
Imingeni
Kukho iingozi ezinokubakho ze-floatovoltaic, nangona kunjalo.Isityalo sibambe umlilo kwisithili saseChiba eJapan ngo-2019. Amagosa atyhola inkanyamba ngokutshintsha iipaneli enye kwenye, ivelise ubushushu obukhulu kwaye mhlawumbi ivuse umlilo kwiziko le-18 leehektare eziqulathe ngaphezulu kwe-50,000 yeepaneli zelanga ezidadayo kwiDama laseYamakura.
Owona mqobo ubalulekileyo wokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kobuchwephesha, okwangoku, lixabiso.Kuyabiza kakhulu ukwakha uluhlu oludadayo kunofakelo olulinganayo emhlabeni.Kodwa ngeendleko eziphezulu kukho izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo: Ngenxa yokupholisa okungapheliyo kwamanzi, iipaneli ezidadayo zinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuneepaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo.Zikwanciphisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu bamanzi, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwe-algae eyingozi.
Yonke loo nto yayivakala ithembisa amagosa edolophu yaseWindsor kumantla eCalifornia ilizwe lewayini.Phantse iiphaneli zesola ezingama-5,000, nganye ivelisa iiwathi ezingama-360 zombane, ngoku zidada kwelinye lamadama amdaka aseWindsor.
“Zinxibelelene zonke.Iphaneli nganye ifumana iflothi yayo.Kwaye eneneni zihamba kakuhle ngentshukumo yamaza kunye nentshukumo yomoya,” .Uya kumangaliswa ukuba bangenza njani ukufunxa amaza kwaye bawakhuphe ngaphandle kokuqhawuka okanye bahlukane,” utshilo uGarrett Broughton, injineli ephezulu yesebe lemisebenzi yoluntu eWindsor.
Iipaneli ezidadayo zilula kokusingqongileyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweWindsor, apho ityala lombane lomzi-mveliso wamanzi amdaka lalilelona likhulu kurhulumente wedolophu.
Ilungu leBhunga leDolophu uDebora Fudge watyhalela iprojekthi ye-1.78-megawatt kwenye indawo yokubeka iiphaneli zesola phezu kweekhapoti.
“Bathomalalisa iitoni ezingama-350 zemetric yecarbon dioxide ngonyaka.Kwaye zikwabonelela ngeepesenti ezingama-90 zamandla esiwadingayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kuyo yonke imisebenzi yeyadi yethu yeshishini kunye nokumpompa amanzi amdaka ukuya kwiigiza, eziyindawo yobushushu bomhlaba, malunga neemayile ezingama-40. Iikhilomitha ezingama-64) emantla,” utshilo uFudge kwiVOA.
Idolophu iqeshisa iipaneli ezidadayo kwinkampani eyazifakileyo, nto leyo eyinika ixabiso elimiselweyo lombane kwikhontrakthi yexesha elide, oku kuthetha ukuba iWindsor ihlawula malunga ne-30% yemali ebeyichitha ngaphambili kwisixa esifanayo samandla.
“Akufani nokuba sityale imali kwinto apho singazi kufumana mbuyiselo.Sifumana intlawulo ngoku sithethayo.Kwaye sizakufumana imbuyekezo iminyaka engama-25,” utshilo usodolophu weWindsor, uSam Salmon.
Iinkqubo zokudada azenzelwanga ukuba zigqume ngokupheleleyo amanzi, zivumele ukuba kuqhutyekwe neminye imisebenzi, efana nokuhamba ngesikhephe kunye nokuloba.
“Asicingi ukuba ulwakhiwo oludadayo luya kugubungela wonke amanzi, idla ngokuba yipesenti encinci kakhulu yala manzi,” uGadzanku weNREL uxelele iVOA."Nokuba ujonge nje awufuni ukubona iiphaneli zePV ezigqume indawo yokugcina amanzi."
I-NREL ichonge i-24,419 imizimba yamanzi eyenziwe ngumntu e-United States njengefanelekileyo ukubekwa kwe-FPV.Iiphaneli ezidadayo ezigquma ngaphezulu kwesinye kwisine indawo yendawo nganye kwezi ziza zinokuvelisa phantse i-10 ekhulwini leemfuno zamandla zaseMelika,ngokwelebhu.
Phakathi kwezi ndawo kukho i-Smith Lake yeehektare ezili-119, indawo yokugcina amanzi elawulwa yi-Stafford County eVirginia ukuvelisa amanzi okusela.Ikwayindawo yokuloba ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa ekufuphi nesiseko seQuantico ye-US Marine Corps'.
"Uninzi lwala manzi afanelekileyo akwiindawo ezigxininiswe ngamanzi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokufumana umhlaba kunye namaxabiso aphezulu ombane, ebonisa iinzuzo ezininzi ze-FP teknoloji," babhala ababhali bophononongo.
"Ngokwenyani lukhetho olunobuchwephesha obuninzi obuqinisekisiweyo emva kwayo," utshilo uGadzanku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-20-2022